Can car modification in India land you into trouble? Learn more here!

There are numerous types of car modifications that can be made to a vehicle. Some common types of car modifications are:

1. Engine modifications: This involves upgrading the engine components, such as the intake system, exhaust system, or turbocharger, to increase the vehicle's horsepower and torque.

2. Suspension modifications: This involves upgrading the suspension system, such as shocks, springs, and sway bars, to improve the handling, stability, and performance of the vehicle.

3. Brake upgrades: This involves upgrading the brake system, such as brake pads, brake rotors, and brake lines, to improve the stopping power and performance of the vehicle.

4. Exterior modifications: This involves modifying the exterior of the vehicle, such as adding body kits, spoilers, and custom paint jobs, to improve the appearance and aerodynamics of the vehicle.

5. Interior modifications: This involves modifying the interior of the vehicle, such as adding custom seats, steering wheels, and audio systems, to improve the comfort and convenience of the vehicle.

6. Wheels and tires: This involves upgrading the wheels and tires of the vehicle to improve the handling, traction, and appearance of the vehicle.

7. Lighting upgrades: This involves upgrading the lighting system, such as headlights, taillights, and fog lights, to improve the visibility and appearance of the vehicle.

It is important to note that some modifications may not be legal or safe, so it is recommended to consult with a professional before making any modifications to your vehicle.

In India, car modifications are regulated by the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 (CMVR). These rules specify the standards that a vehicle must comply with in order to be registered for use on Indian roads.

Modifying a car in a way that violates these rules can result in fines, impounding of the vehicle, and even cancellation of the registration. Some common modifications that are not allowed under these rules include:

1. Changing the engine capacity or power output of the vehicle.
2. Altering the chassis or body structure of the vehicle.
3. Installing tinted or coloured films on the front and rear windshields and windows.
4. Using unauthorised or modified exhaust systems that exceed the permissible noise levels.
5. Installing additional lights that are not in compliance with the CMVR guidelines.
6. Fitting oversized or undersized tires that do not comply with the manufacturer's specifications.

It is always recommended to consult with a professional before making any modifications to your car in order to ensure that they comply with the regulations.

The penalties for car modifications in India can include:

1. A fine: The offender can be fined up to Rs. 5,000 for the first offense, and up to Rs. 10,000 for any subsequent offenses.

2. Vehicle impounding: The police can impound the vehicle if it is found to be in violation of the CMVR rules.

3. Cancellation of registration: The registration of the vehicle can be canceled if the modifications are found to be in violation of the CMVR rules.

4. Seizure of the vehicle: The police can seize the modified parts of the vehicle if they are found to be in violation of the CMVR rules.

It is important to note that the penalties can vary depending on the nature and extent of the modifications made to the vehicle. Therefore, it is recommended to seek professional guidance before making any modifications to your vehicle to ensure that they comply with the regulations.

Car body wrapping is not a violation of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 (CMVR) in India, as long as it does not alter the original color or pattern of the vehicle.

However, if the car wrap changes the original color or pattern of the vehicle, it would be considered a violation of the CMVR rules. According to the CMVR, any change in the color of the vehicle needs to be approved by the Regional Transport Office (RTO), and the owner needs to obtain a new registration certificate with the updated color information.

Additionally, if the car wrap contains any content that is deemed to be offensive or violates any laws or regulations, it could result in penalties and legal consequences.

Therefore, it is always recommended to consult with a professional before applying a car wrap to ensure that it complies with the CMVR rules.

BMW 330i and 330Li M Sport India - What's on offer?

The BMW 330Li 2023 is a longer version of the BMW 330i 2023, and it comes with a more spacious interior and a few additional features. The car is powered by a 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder engine that produces 255 horsepower and 295 lb-ft of torque. The engine is paired with an eight-speed automatic transmission and rear-wheel drive.

The exterior design of the 330Li is similar to the 330i, but the car's length has been extended by 5.7 inches, which has resulted in a longer wheelbase and more legroom for rear passengers. The 330Li also comes with a few additional features that are not available on the 330i, such as a panoramic sunroof, rear sunshades, and a wireless charging pad.

The interior of the BMW 330Li is luxurious and comfortable, with premium materials and excellent build quality. The car comes with a large 12.3-inch touchscreen infotainment system, which is easy to use and comes with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto compatibility.

In terms of performance, the BMW 330Li 2023 is expected to offer a smooth and refined driving experience. The car's longer length may affect its acceleration and handling slightly, but it is still expected to be a nimble and sporty sedan.

Overall, the BMW 330Li 2023 is an excellent option for buyers who prioritize a spacious and luxurious interior and are willing to pay a premium for additional features. However, it is worth noting that the car's longer length may not be ideal for buyers who prioritize agility and maneuverability in their vehicles.

The 2023 BMW 330i and 330Li are both variants of the BMW 3 Series, which is a popular luxury sports sedan. While they share many similarities, there are a few key differences between the two models that are worth noting:

1. Length: The most significant difference between the two models is their length. The 330i has a length of 185.7 inches, while the 330Li has a length of 191.4 inches. This extra length is due to the longer wheelbase of the 330Li, which provides more interior space.

2. Interior Space: As mentioned, the 330Li has a longer wheelbase, which provides more legroom for rear passengers. In fact, the 330Li has an additional 3.5 inches of rear legroom compared to the 330i. However, the 330i still has a spacious and comfortable cabin, especially for a sports sedan.

3. Performance: Both models are powered by a 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder engine that produces 255 horsepower and 295 lb-ft of torque. This engine is paired with an eight-speed automatic transmission and rear-wheel drive. However, the 330Li is slightly heavier than the 330i due to its longer length, which may affect its acceleration and handling.

4. Features: Both models come standard with features such as LED headlights, a moonroof, power front seats, and an infotainment system with a 12.3-inch touchscreen. However, the 330Li also comes with features such as a panoramic sunroof, rear sunshades, and a wireless charging pad, which are not available on the 330i.

5. Price: Due to its additional length and features, the 330Li is slightly more expensive than the 330i. The starting price for the 330i is around $43,000, while the 330Li starts at around $47,000.

In summary, the 330i and 330Li are both excellent options for a luxury sports sedan, and the choice between the two largely comes down to personal preferences and needs. If you prioritize more rear legroom and additional features, the 330Li may be the better option. However, if you prioritize a more compact and agile vehicle, the 330i may be the better choice.

How does a car engine work?

Gasoline (Petrol/Diesel) engines are the most common type of internal combustion engine used in cars. They are composed of several key components that work together to convert gasoline into mechanical energy that can power the car. Here are some of the major components of a gasoline engine:

1. Engine block: The engine block is the main structural component of the engine that houses the cylinders, pistons, and crankshaft. It is typically made of cast iron or aluminum.

2. Cylinders: The cylinders are the chambers where fuel is burned to produce power. Most engines have four, six, or eight cylinders arranged in a line (inline), V-shape, or flat configuration.

3. Pistons: Pistons are cylindrical components that fit inside the cylinders and move up and down as fuel is burned. They are connected to the crankshaft by a connecting rod and transfer the energy from the fuel combustion to the crankshaft.

4. Crankshaft: The crankshaft is a rotating shaft that converts the linear motion of the pistons into rotational motion that can power the car. It is connected to the transmission and ultimately the wheels.

5. Camshaft: The camshaft is a rotating shaft that operates the engine's valves, which regulate the flow of air and fuel into and out of the engine. It is typically driven by the crankshaft through a timing belt or chain.

6. Valves: The engine has intake and exhaust valves that open and close to allow air and fuel into the engine and to let exhaust gases out. The camshaft operates these valves through a system of rocker arms, lifters, and pushrods.

7. Spark plugs: Spark plugs are components that ignite the air/fuel mixture in the cylinders to start the combustion process. They are typically located on the top of the cylinder head and receive an electrical current from the ignition system.

8. Fuel system: The fuel system includes components such as the fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel injectors, and carburetor (in older engines) that work together to deliver fuel to the engine in the right amount and at the right time.

9. Ignition system: The ignition system includes components such as the battery, ignition coil, distributor (in older engines), and spark plugs that work together to provide an electrical spark to ignite the air/fuel mixture in the cylinders.

These are just some of the major components of a gasoline engine. Other components include the cooling system, lubrication system, and emission control system, which all work together to keep the engine running smoothly and efficiently. 

Should you consider buying a used car over a brand new car? Here's why!

The decision to buy a new or used car ultimately depends on a variety of factors, including your budget, lifestyle, and personal preferences. Both options have their advantages and disadvantages, and it's important to weigh them carefully before making a decision.

New cars generally come with a higher price tag, but they also offer the latest features and technology, as well as a warranty that can provide peace of mind. Additionally, new cars tend to have better fuel efficiency and require less maintenance than used cars, which can save you money in the long run.

On the other hand, used cars can be a more affordable option and may offer better value for your money. They may also have a lower insurance premium and slower rate of depreciation compared to new cars. However, they may require more maintenance and repairs over time, and may not have the same level of reliability as a new car.

Ultimately, the decision to buy a new or used car depends on your personal circumstances and priorities. Consider factors such as your budget, driving needs, and the long-term costs and benefits of each option before making a decision. Let's evaluate options of buying a pre-owned car.

Buying a used car can offer several benefits, including:

1. Affordability: Used cars are generally less expensive than new cars, which can make them a more affordable option for many people. Depending on the age, model, and condition of the car, you may be able to get a great deal and save thousands of dollars compared to buying a new car.

2. Lower depreciation: New cars can lose a significant amount of their value in the first few years of ownership, whereas used cars have already gone through their steepest depreciation period. This means that a used car may hold its value better over time and be worth more when you decide to sell it.

3. Lower insurance costs: Because used cars are generally less expensive than new cars, they may also have lower insurance premiums. This can help you save money on your monthly expenses.

4. Greater variety: When you buy a used car, you have access to a wider range of models and years than if you were only looking at new cars. This means you may be able to find a car that fits your needs and preferences more closely than if you were limited to new cars only.

5. Proven reliability: Used cars have a track record that can give you a better sense of their reliability and durability. You can look at reviews, ratings, and reports from previous owners to get a sense of how well the car has held up over time. This can give you greater peace of mind when making your purchase.

Overall, buying a used car can offer many benefits, including affordability, lower depreciation, lower insurance costs, more affordable financing, greater variety, and proven reliability.

Buying a used car with a warranty from a certified dealer can offer several benefits, including:

1. Peace of mind: A warranty can provide added peace of mind, knowing that you're covered in case something goes wrong with the car. This can help you feel more confident in your purchase and reduce your risk of unexpected repair costs.

2. Better quality assurance: Certified dealerships typically have higher standards for the vehicles they sell. They may inspect and recondition the cars to ensure they are in good condition before offering them for sale. This can help you feel more confident in the quality of the car you're buying.

3. Better financing options: Certified dealerships may offer more favorable financing options, such as lower interest rates or longer loan terms, than non-certified dealerships or private sellers. This can make it easier for you to finance your purchase and potentially save you money on interest charges.

4. Extended warranty coverage: Some certified used cars may come with an extended warranty that provides coverage beyond the original manufacturer's warranty. This can provide additional protection and peace of mind, knowing that you're covered for a longer period of time.

5. Access to additional perks: Certified dealerships may offer additional perks, such as free maintenance services, roadside assistance, or loaner cars while your car is being serviced. These perks can add value to your purchase and make your ownership experience more enjoyable.

Overall, buying a used car with a warranty from a certified dealer can offer several benefits, including peace of mind, better quality assurance, better financing options, extended warranty coverage, and access to additional perks. Be sure to research the specific warranty and certification program offered by the dealer to understand the coverage and limitations before making your purchase.

Tata Safari and Harrier are here! Are FWD SUV any worth your attention?

Tata Safari and Tata Harrier are both SUVs manufactured by Tata Motors, and they share some similarities, but they also have some differences. 

Here's a very brief comparison:

1. Design: The Harrier has a modern and sleek design, while the Safari has a more traditional and boxy SUV design. However, the new Safari is based on the same platform as the Harrier, which means they share many design elements.

2. Size: The Safari is larger than the Harrier, with a longer wheelbase, more cabin space, and a larger boot capacity. The Safari seats 7 passengers whereas the Harrier can seat 5.

3. Engine: Both models are powered by the same 2.0-litre turbo-diesel engine sourced from Fiat, which produces 170 horsepower and 350 Nm of torque.

4. Transmission: Both SUVs come with a 6-speed manual or a 6-speed automatic transmission

5. Features: The Safari comes with some additional features such as 18-inch alloy wheels, optional captain seats in the middle row, Boss mode in front passenger seat and ambient lights in the panoramic sunroof, which are not available in the Harrier.

In summary, the Tata Safari is a larger, more spacious SUV with some additional features, while the Harrier is more modern and comes with both manual and automatic transmission options. Ultimately, the choice between the two models will depend on individual preferences and requirements. But often we hear from people complaining that these are just front wheel drive pseudo-SUVs. Is that right?                                                                                                                                                                                 Image courtesy: Tata motors

Are front wheel SUVs any good? Let's find out:

Yes, front-wheel drive (FWD) SUVs can be a good option for many buyers, depending on their needs and driving preferences. FWD SUVs have become increasingly popular in recent years because of their practicality, fuel efficiency, and better traction on slippery roads.

Here are some reasons why a front-wheel drive SUV might be worth considering:

1. Lower cost: FWD SUVs are generally more affordable than their all-wheel drive (AWD) or four-wheel drive (4WD) counterparts, as they require fewer components.

2. Better fuel economy: FWD SUVs are generally lighter and more efficient than AWD or 4WD SUVs, resulting in better fuel economy and lower running costs.

3. More practical for everyday driving: FWD SUVs are better suited for everyday driving and commuting, as they provide good traction on slippery roads, such as during rainy or snowy weather.

4. Better interior space: FWD SUVs have a simpler transmission system, which allows for more interior space and a larger cargo area.

5. Less maintenance required: FWD SUVs require less maintenance than AWD or 4WD SUVs, as there are fewer components that need servicing.

However, it's worth noting that FWD SUVs may not be as capable off-road or in harsh weather conditions as AWD or 4WD SUVs. Additionally, if you live in an area with very heavy snowfall or rugged terrain, a FWD SUV may not be the best choice. In these cases, an AWD or 4WD SUV may be a better option.

Overall, a FWD SUV can be a good choice for those looking for a practical, efficient, and affordable SUV for everyday driving, provided it meets their specific requirements and driving conditions.

Front-wheel drive cars and Rear-wheel drive cars? Which is better for you?

Front-wheel drive (FWD) and rear-wheel drive (RWD) are two different drivetrain configurations used in cars, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Here are some benefits of FWD and RWD cars:

Front-wheel drive (FWD) benefits:

1. Better traction: FWD cars have better traction and stability on slippery or wet roads, as the weight of the engine is over the front wheels, which provides better grip.

2. Improved fuel economy: FWD cars are generally more fuel-efficient than RWD cars because they are lighter and more compact.

3. Lower cost: FWD cars are generally cheaper to produce than RWD cars because the drivetrain is simpler and requires fewer components.

4. More interior space: FWD cars have a simpler transmission system, which allows for a more spacious interior cabin.

Rear-wheel drive (RWD) benefits:

1. Better handling and performance: RWD cars have better weight distribution, which can result in better handling and performance, especially in sports cars.

2. Better acceleration: RWD cars provide better acceleration and stability during hard braking or sudden changes in direction.

3. Better towing capacity: RWD cars have a more robust and durable drivetrain, which makes them more suitable for towing heavy loads.

4. Better resale value: RWD cars are often perceived as higher-performance vehicles, which can lead to better resale value compared to FWD cars.

In summary, the choice between FWD and RWD will depend on individual preferences and requirements. FWD cars are generally better suited for everyday driving and commuting, while RWD cars are better for performance-oriented driving or heavy-duty use.

Hybrid Engines in modern cars - Should you buy one?

Hybrid engines are a type of powertrain that combines two or more sources of power to drive a vehicle. The most common type of hybrid engine used in cars is the petrol/diesel-electric hybrid engine, which combines a gasoline engine and an electric motor to power the vehicle.

The hybrid engine typically uses a complex system of batteries, electric motors, and power electronics to optimize the use of both the gasoline engine and the electric motor. During low-speed driving or idling, the electric motor can power the vehicle, while the gasoline engine can take over at higher speeds or when more power is needed. Additionally, the electric motor can assist the gasoline engine during acceleration, improving fuel economy and reducing emissions.

Some hybrid engines also use regenerative braking, which converts the energy from braking into electricity and stores it in the battery. This can help to improve fuel efficiency and reduce wear on the brakes.

Hybrid engines are often designed to be more fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly than traditional petrol or diesel engines, with lower emissions and better fuel economy. As such, they have become increasingly popular in the automotive industry as a way to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and improve sustainability.

Diesel hybrid cars are generally considered to be better than petrol hybrid cars in terms of fuel efficiency and CO2 emissions. Here are a few reasons why:

1. Better fuel efficiency: Diesel engines are generally more fuel-efficient than petrol engines, which means that diesel hybrid cars can achieve higher fuel economy than petrol hybrid cars. This translates to lower running costs and reduced fuel consumption.

2. Higher torque: Diesel engines typically produce more torque than petrol engines, which can result in better acceleration and performance for diesel hybrid cars.

3. Lower CO2 emissions: Diesel engines emit less carbon dioxide (CO2) per liter of fuel consumed than petrol engines, which means that diesel hybrid cars produce fewer emissions than petrol hybrid cars.

4. Longer driving range: Diesel engines typically have higher energy density than petrol engines, which means that diesel hybrid cars can achieve longer driving ranges than petrol hybrid cars.

However, diesel hybrid cars also have some drawbacks compared to petrol hybrid cars. Diesel engines tend to produce more particulate matter and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, which can have harmful effects on air quality and public health. Additionally, diesel hybrid cars tend to be more expensive to purchase and maintain than petrol hybrid cars.

In summary, while diesel hybrid cars can offer better fuel efficiency and lower CO2 emissions than petrol hybrid cars, they may not always be the best choice depending on factors such as air quality concerns and overall cost. 

There are several hybrid cars available in India, from a range of manufacturers. Here are some of the popular hybrid cars available in India:

1. Toyota Camry Hybrid
2. Toyota Vellfire Hybrid
3. Honda Accord Hybrid
4. Lexus ES 300h
5. Volvo XC90 T8 Hybrid
6. BMW 7 Series 745Le xDrive Plug-in Hybrid
7. Mercedes-Benz S-Class S 560 e Plug-in Hybrid
8. Porsche Panamera E-Hybrid
9. Audi Q8 TFSI e Plug-in Hybrid
10. MG Hector Plus Hybrid

These hybrid cars offer a combination of gasoline and electric power to achieve better fuel efficiency, lower emissions, and improved performance. The availability of these hybrid cars may vary depending on the location and dealership. It's always recommended to check with the manufacturer or dealership for the latest information on availability, pricing, and features.

The Bad side of electric cars and their batteries!

With the world swiftly moving towards decarbonising efforts and choosing greener alternatives to internal combustion engines (petrol/diesel), there is a newer problem in the making! As we know, electric cars run on Lithium Ion batteries and the disposal of lithium-ion batteries can have several adverse effects on the environment, including:

1. Soil contamination: Lithium-ion batteries contain heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury, which can leach into the soil when the batteries are not disposed of properly. This can cause soil contamination, which can have harmful effects on plant and animal life.

2. Water pollution: When lithium-ion batteries are not disposed of properly, the heavy metals they contain can also contaminate water sources. This can have harmful effects on aquatic life and make water unsafe for human consumption.

3. Air pollution: When lithium-ion batteries are incinerated, they can release toxic chemicals into the air, which can cause respiratory problems and other health issues for people living nearby.

4. Fire hazards: Lithium-ion batteries are highly flammable, and improper disposal can increase the risk of fires. When these batteries are exposed to heat or flames, they can explode, which can cause injury or property damage.

5. Resource depletion: Lithium is a finite resource, and the increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries is leading to its depletion. Proper disposal and recycling of lithium-ion batteries can help reduce the need for new resources.

Which brings us to the next big question. What can car manufacturers do?

To mitigate the adverse effects of lithium-ion battery disposal, it is important to ensure proper disposal and recycling of these batteries. This can be achieved through the development of proper disposal facilities and the implementation of regulations and guidelines for the disposal of lithium-ion batteries.

Car manufacturers can recycle lithium-ion batteries using various methods. The recycling process typically involves several steps, including:

1. Battery collection: The first step in the recycling process is to collect used batteries. Car manufacturers may collect batteries directly from their customers or through authorized collection centers.

2. Battery disassembly: Once the batteries are collected, they are disassembled into their various components, including the cathode, anode, electrolyte, and casing.

3. Battery shredding: The battery components are then shredded into small pieces using specialized equipment. This process helps to separate the different components of the battery.

4. Chemical separation: After shredding, the battery components are subjected to chemical processes that help to separate the different materials. This includes processes such as hydrometallurgy, which uses chemicals to extract metals from the battery components.

5. Refining: The extracted metals are then refined to remove impurities and prepare them for reuse.

6. Production of new batteries: The refined metals are then used to manufacture new batteries, reducing the need for new resources.

Recycling lithium-ion batteries can help to reduce the environmental impact of battery disposal and conserve valuable resources. As such, many car manufacturers are investing in battery recycling technology and partnering with recycling companies to develop more efficient recycling processes.

Electric cars and it's future for the world ahead!

Electric cars are gaining popularity worldwide as a sustainable transportation option. The future of electric cars in the world is very promising, as many countries are aiming to reduce their carbon emissions and move towards a more sustainable future. Many governments are also offering incentives and subsidies for purchasing electric cars, which is further driving their adoption.

One of the major challenges for the adoption of electric vehicles in India is the lack of charging infrastructure. However, the government has initiated several projects to install charging stations across the country, and private companies are also investing in charging infrastructure.

Another challenge is the cost of electric vehicles, which is currently higher than that of ICE cars. However, with advancements in technology and economies of scale, it is expected that the cost of electric vehicles will decrease in the coming years.

To support this goal, the government has launched several initiatives, such as the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India (FAME India) scheme, which offers incentives to buyers of electric vehicles.

However, there are also challenges to the widespread adoption of electric cars in India. The lack of charging infrastructure and the high cost of electric vehicles are significant barriers to adoption. Additionally, there is a lack of awareness and understanding of electric vehicles among the general public, which could slow down their adoption.

Overall, the future of electric cars in India and the world is very promising, but it will require significant investments in infrastructure and education to ensure their widespread adoption.

There are several car manufacturers selling electric cars in India, including:

1. Tata Motors - Tata Nexon EV, Tata Tigor EV
2. Mahindra Electric - Mahindra e-Verito, Mahindra e-KUV100
3. Hyundai - Hyundai Kona Electric
4. MG Motor - MG ZS EV
5. Mercedes-Benz - Mercedes-Benz EQC
6. Audi - Audi e-tron
7. Jaguar - Jaguar I-PACE

Additionally, many other car manufacturers such as Maruti Suzuki, Renault, and Nissan have announced plans to launch electric cars in India in the near future. The increasing number of electric car models being introduced by different manufacturers is a positive sign for the growth of the electric vehicle market in India.

Electric passenger vehicles: 4,164 units Electric carmakers record best-ever monthly sales in India!

The electric passenger vehicle industry has just notched its best-ever monthly sales yet – 4,164 units in February, which translates into 149 units being sold every day. This is often clearly an impression of the electrical car adoption growing with new models being introduced within the market. Reflecting the strong month-on-month growth within the ongoing fiscal, February’s sales are a 42% growth over January 2023’s 2,940 units. Total retails within the first 11 months are 32,922 units, up 136% on April 2021-February 2022’s 13,958 units. With a few days left for FY2022 to finish, total ePV retails are just 196 units in need of surpassing that. In February, market leader Tata Motors, which has the most important EV portfolio in India within the sort of the Nexon EV, Tigor EV, Tiago EV and therefore the Xpres-T (for fleet buyers), sold an estimated 3,442 units for an awesome 83% share of sales. it's followed by MG Motor India with 344 units and BYD India with 175 units.

The Skoda Superb - L&K Vs. Sportline - India

Brief history about Skoda and it's flagship "Superb"

Skoda Superb is a luxury sedan produced by the Czech automaker Skoda Auto since 2001. The name 'Superb' was first used by Skoda for a luxury car that it produced in the 1930s and 1940s. The modern Skoda Superb was introduced in 2001 as a flagship model to replace the Skoda Octavia. It was based on the Volkswagen Group's B5 platform and was initially available in both sedan and estate body styles.

The Skoda Superb has since undergone several updates and redesigns, with the third-generation model launched in 2015. The current model is based on the Volkswagen Group's MQB platform and is available with a range of petrol and diesel engine options.

Laurin & Klement (L&K) is a historic Czech automobile manufacturer that was founded in 1895 by Vaclav Klement and Vaclav Laurin in the town of Mlada Boleslav, which is now the headquarters of Skoda Auto. The company started out as a bicycle manufacturer before transitioning to producing motorcycles and automobiles.

Laurin & Klement produced its first car, the Voiturette A, in 1905. The company quickly gained a reputation for producing high-quality cars that were popular in Europe and beyond. In 1925, Laurin & Klement merged with Skoda, another Czech automobile manufacturer, to form Skoda-Laurin & Klement.

The Skoda Superb L&K is a special variant of the Skoda Superb that is named in honor of the company's founders. It is the top-of-the-line variant of the Superb and comes with a range of premium features and finishes, including leather upholstery, wood accents, and advanced safety and entertainment systems. The Skoda Superb L&K was first introduced in 2002 and has since become a popular luxury sedan in many markets around the world.

The Skoda Superb is a classy sedan with a bling value in India and is available in two variants, including the L&K and Sportline. Here are some key differences to consider when comparing the Skoda Superb L&K and Sportline:

1. Design: The L&K variant of the Superb has a more classic and elegant design with chrome accents and a sleeker grille, while the Sportline has a more aggressive and sporty design with a blacked-out grille, larger air intakes and blacked-out elements.

2. Performance: Both variants of the Superb are available with a 2.0 Litre Turbocharged petrol engines producing 188 bhp @ 4200 rpm and 320 Nm @ 1450 rpm of max power and max torque respectively. Unlike the Sportline variant sold in Europe region which has a sport-tuned suspension, larger wheels, and a more responsive steering setup, making it a more engaging car to drive than the L&K variant - the India variant unfortunately, has no performance worthy differences whatsoever!

3. Features: The L&K variant is the top-of-the-line variant and comes with features such as an 8-inch touchscreen infotainment system, panoramic sunroof, ventilated front seats, and adaptive dampers. The Sportline variant is more focused on performance and comes with features such as sports seats, paddle shifters, and a sportier instrument cluster.

4. Additional features: Incidentally, the L&K variant is provided with three driving modes namely, Normal, Eco and Sport mode. They are for dynamics lights, aircon, steering weight and throttle sensitivity. Surprisingly, the Sportline variant misses on this and the TPMS (Tire pressure monitoring system) which the L&K conveniently provides!

5. Price: The L&K variant is typically more expensive at Rs. 43 Lakhs on-road Delhi than the Sportline variant Rs. 37 Lakhs OTR Delhi due to its higher-end features and premium design.

6. Comfort and Space: Both variants of the Superb offer spacious and comfortable interiors with plenty of legroom and headroom. However, the L&K variant has a more luxurious and premium feel, with leather upholstery and more advanced features such as the adaptive dampers, making it more comfortable for long journeys.

April 2023 will see the second and more stringent phase of BS6 emission norms get implemented within the country. While we’ll see many cars get upgraded to satisfy them, a couple of models are going to be discontinued thanks to the high cost of upgrading or thanks to them simply not bringing enough sales to form them viable. The primary car we all know which is going to be discontinued is the Skoda Octavia. The Superb (if we were to believe the sales teams in dealerships) will continue to sell with an engine upgraded to meet BS VI norms in India.

The car definitely gives a run for the money to the cars in the next class, sharing the same engine setup with a different tune - the Audi A4 and the Audi A6. It surely justifies it name - The Superb! Ultimately, the choice between the Skoda Superb L&K and Sportline variants depends on your individual requirements and preferences. If you prioritize luxury, comfort, and advanced features, the L&K variant would definately be a better option. If you value a sporty design, (with no specific performance variance) the Sportline variant may be more suitable for you.

What is the future of Diesel cars in Delhi NCR region?

The future of diesel cars in the Delhi NCR region is a topic of much debate and discussion. On one hand, diesel cars are known to emit high levels of pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide, which can have a negative impact on air quality and public health. As a result, there has been growing concern about the environmental impact of diesel cars in the Delhi NCR region.

In response to this concern, the Indian government has implemented a number of measures to reduce the number of diesel cars on the road. For example, the Delhi government has introduced a ban on diesel vehicles that are more than 10 years old, and the National Green Tribunal has directed that all diesel vehicles in the Delhi NCR region be subject to a pollution tax.

However, despite these measures, diesel cars continue to be popular in the Delhi NCR region, due to their fuel efficiency and lower cost compared to petrol cars. Additionally, many people who own diesel cars may not be able to afford to switch to alternative forms of transport.

It is difficult to predict the exact future of diesel cars in the Delhi NCR region, as it will depend on a variety of factors such as government policies, technological advancements, and changing consumer preferences. However, it is clear that there is a growing awareness of the environmental impact of diesel cars, and it is likely that we will see a continued shift towards alternative forms of transport in the coming years.

It is however, worth noting that diesel car sales have been declining in India for several years due to various factors such as higher taxes, stricter emission norms, and the rise of electric vehicles.

In the Delhi NCR region specifically, the sale of diesel cars has been affected by the Supreme Court's decision in 2015 to ban the registration of diesel cars with engine capacity over 2,000 cc in an effort to curb air pollution. This ban was later lifted in 2016, but it has contributed to a decline in diesel car sales in the region.

Moreover, the introduction of the Bharat Stage VI (BS-VI) emission norms in April 2020 has further impacted diesel car sales in India. The new norms require diesel vehicles to have advanced emission control technologies, making them more expensive to produce and purchase. As a result, many car manufacturers have shifted their focus to producing petrol and hybrid vehicles instead.

Is the Petrol Toyota Fortuner a good buy for customers in Delhi NCR region?

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has implemented several rules and regulations related to diesel vehicles in Delhi-NCR in an effort to combat air pollution. Some of the key NGT rules related to diesel vehicles in Delhi region include:

1. Ban on diesel vehicles older than 10 years: In 2015, the NGT ordered a ban on diesel vehicles that are more than 10 years old in Delhi-NCR, as these vehicles are more polluting and contribute significantly to air pollution.

2. Environmental cess on diesel vehicles: In 2016, the NGT directed the Delhi government to impose an environmental cess on diesel vehicles that enter the city, in order to discourage their use and reduce pollution.

3. Ban on diesel vehicles with engine capacity over 2,000cc: In 2016, the NGT banned the registration of new diesel vehicles with engine capacity over 2,000cc in Delhi-NCR, as these vehicles are generally more polluting.

4. Diesel vehicles undergo PUC tests more frequently: The NGT has directed that diesel vehicles in Delhi-NCR undergo pollution under control (PUC) tests more frequently than petrol vehicles, in order to ensure that they meet the required emission standards.

Overall, the NGT rules related to diesel vehicles in Delhi-NCR are aimed at reducing air pollution and improving air quality in the region. While these rules have been controversial and have faced some opposition from vehicle owners and industry groups, they have helped to raise awareness about the environmental impact of diesel vehicles and the need for cleaner, more sustainable transportation solutions.

With this background, potential car buyers are preferring petrol vehicle options over diesel ones. This includes India's favourite mid-size SUV, the Toyota Fortuner.

There are several benefits of owning a petrol-powered Toyota Fortuner in Delhi. Here are some of the most notable ones:

1. Lower running costs: Petrol engines generally have lower running costs compared to diesel engines. This is because petrol is usually cheaper than diesel fuel, and petrol engines require less maintenance and have fewer parts that can wear out over time.

2. Better acceleration: Petrol engines typically have better acceleration than diesel engines, which can be particularly useful in the stop-and-go traffic conditions that are common in Delhi.

3. Lower noise and vibration: Petrol engines are generally quieter and smoother than diesel engines, which can make for a more comfortable driving experience.

4. Easier to maintain: Petrol engines require less maintenance than diesel engines, which can help keep maintenance costs down over the long term.

5. Lower upfront cost: Petrol-powered Fortuners generally have a lower upfront cost compared to their diesel counterparts, which can make them a more affordable option for buyers on a budget.

Overall, a petrol-powered Toyota Fortuner can be a great choice for drivers in Delhi who prioritize lower running costs, better acceleration, and a more comfortable driving experience.

What are naturally aspirated car engines?

A naturally aspirated engine is an internal combustion engine that draws in air through the normal atmospheric pressure and does not rely on any form of forced induction such as a turbocharger or a supercharger. In a naturally aspirated engine, the air is drawn into the engine through the intake manifold and mixed with fuel in the combustion chamber.

Naturally aspirated cars, or non-turbocharged cars, have some unique benefits that make them attractive to drivers who value a different kind of driving experience. Here are some benefits of naturally aspirated cars:

1. Simplicity: Naturally aspirated engines are less complex than turbocharged engines, which can make them more reliable and easier to maintain over the long term.

2. Linear power delivery: Naturally aspirated engines tend to deliver power in a more linear way, which can make them easier to control and more predictable in certain driving situations.

3. Lower cost: Since naturally aspirated engines are simpler and require fewer components, they are generally less expensive to produce and maintain than turbocharged engines.

4. Lower fuel consumption: Naturally aspirated engines can be more fuel-efficient than turbocharged engines, especially in city driving conditions where the benefits of a turbocharger may not be as significant.

5. Better throttle response: Naturally aspirated engines typically respond more quickly to changes in throttle input than turbocharged engines, which can make them more engaging to drive.

6. Better low-end torque: Since naturally aspirated engines don't require time to build up boost pressure, they often produce more low-end torque, which can be beneficial for certain types of driving.

7. Lower exhaust emissions: Naturally aspirated engines tend to produce fewer exhaust emissions than turbocharged engines, which can make them more environmentally friendly.

While there are certainly some drawbacks to naturally aspirated engines, such as potentially lower power output and acceleration times compared to turbocharged engines, these benefits can make them a good choice for drivers who prioritize simplicity, fuel efficiency, and a more natural driving experience.

There are several cars in India that come with naturally aspirated engines. Here are some examples:

1. Maruti Suzuki Alto
2. Maruti Suzuki Swift
3. Maruti Suzuki Dzire
4. Hyundai Santro
5. Hyundai Grand i10
6. Honda Amaze
7. Honda Jazz
8. Toyota Etios Liva
9. Toyota Yaris
10. Tata Tiago

These are just a few examples of cars in India that are available with naturally aspirated engines. Naturally aspirated engines are common in small cars and mid-sized sedans, but they can also be found in larger vehicles such as SUVs and pickup trucks. It is important to note that some of these cars may also come with turbocharged or other types of engines as well, so it is always best to check the specifications before making a purchase.

What is the difference between a turbo-charged and a non-turbo charged car?

The main difference between turbocharged and non-turbocharged vehicles is the way they generate power.

In a non-turbocharged engine, the air that enters the engine is drawn in by the vacuum created during the intake stroke of the piston. The amount of air that is drawn in is limited by the engine's natural aspiration and is dependent on factors such as engine displacement, valve size, and number of cylinders. The fuel is then mixed with this limited amount of air and burned in the engine to generate power.

In a turbocharged engine, the air that enters the engine is compressed before it enters the combustion chamber. This is done by a turbocharger, which is a device that uses a turbine driven by the engine's exhaust gases to compress the incoming air. The compressed air is then mixed with fuel and burned in the engine to generate more power than a non-turbocharged engine of the same size.

The benefits of a turbocharged engine include:

1. Increased power output: The compressed air allows for more fuel to be burned, resulting in a significant increase in power output.

2. Improved fuel efficiency: The increased power output allows for better fuel efficiency, as less fuel is needed to generate the same amount of power.

3. Better performance at high altitude: At high altitudes where the air is less dense, a turbocharged engine can maintain power output better than a non-turbocharged engine.

4. Smaller engine size: A turbocharged engine can produce the same amount of power as a larger non-turbocharged engine, allowing for smaller and lighter engines with the same performance.

5. Faster acceleration: The increased power output of a turbocharged engine can result in faster acceleration times.

However, turbocharged engines can be more expensive to produce and maintain, and may require higher-quality fuel to prevent damage. Additionally, they may be more complex and require additional cooling mechanisms to avoid overheating.

So does that mean I should now sell my non-turbo charged car?

The answer is No! Here are some benefits of non-turbocharged cars:

1. Simplicity: Non-turbocharged engines are generally simpler and less complex than turbocharged engines, which can make them more reliable and easier to maintain.

2. Lower maintenance costs: Non-turbocharged engines generally have fewer components, which can result in lower maintenance costs over the life of the vehicle.

3. Lower purchase cost: Non-turbocharged engines are generally less expensive to produce, which can result in a lower purchase price for the vehicle.

4. Less wear and tear: Non-turbocharged engines tend to experience less wear and tear on their components over time, which can result in a longer lifespan.

5. Better fuel economy: Non-turbocharged engines tend to be more fuel-efficient than their turbocharged counterparts, especially in city driving conditions where turbochargers may not be as effective.

6. Less need for premium fuel: Non-turbocharged engines may not require premium fuel, which can result in lower fuel costs over time.

7. More predictable power delivery: Non-turbocharged engines tend to deliver power more predictably, with a more linear power band, which can be beneficial for certain driving situations.

Of course, there are also some drawbacks to non-turbocharged engines, including potentially lower power output and slower acceleration times compared to turbocharged engines. However, the benefits listed above may be important considerations for drivers who prioritize simplicity, affordability, and fuel economy over raw power and performance.

Benefits of Turbo in car engines

What is a Turbo charger?

Turbocharging is a method of increasing the power output of an engine by forcing more air into the combustion chamber. This is done by using a turbine driven by the engine's exhaust gases to compress the incoming air, increasing its density and allowing more fuel to be burned, resulting in more power.

The benefits of turbocharging include:

1. Increased power: By compressing more air into the engine, a turbocharger can significantly increase the power output of an engine without significantly increasing its size or weight.
2. Improved fuel efficiency: A turbocharger can also improve fuel efficiency by allowing the engine to burn fuel more completely, reducing wasted energy.
3. Better performance at high altitudes: A turbocharged engine can maintain power output better than a naturally aspirated engine at high altitudes where the air is less dense.
4. Smaller engine size: A turbocharger can enable an engine to produce the same amount of power as a larger naturally aspirated engine, allowing for smaller and lighter engines with the same performance.
5. Faster acceleration: The increased power output of a turbocharged engine can result in faster acceleration times, making it a popular choice in sports cars and high-performance vehicles.

Overall, the benefits of turbocharging make it a popular choice for improving the performance and efficiency of modern car engines.

A turbocharger looks like the image shown below:

Which cars in India use Turbo Chargers?

Many cars in India use turbocharging technology to improve their performance and fuel efficiency. Here are some examples:

1. Hyundai Venue: This subcompact SUV is available with a 1.0-liter turbocharged petrol engine that produces 118 bhp and 172 Nm of torque.

2. Kia Seltos: This popular compact SUV is available with a 1.4-liter turbocharged petrol engine that produces 138 bhp and 242 Nm of torque.

3. Tata Nexon: This subcompact SUV is available with a 1.2-liter turbocharged petrol engine that produces 118 bhp and 170 Nm of torque.

4. Volkswagen Polo: This premium hatchback is available with a 1.0-liter turbocharged petrol engine that produces 108 bhp and 175 Nm of torque.

5. Ford EcoSport: This subcompact SUV is available with a 1.0-liter turbocharged petrol engine that produces 123 bhp and 170 Nm of torque.

6. Mahindra XUV300: This subcompact SUV is available with a 1.2-liter turbocharged petrol engine that produces 108 bhp and 200 Nm of torque.

7. Skoda Rapid: This sedan is available with a 1.0-liter turbocharged petrol engine that produces 109 bhp and 175 Nm of torque.

8. BMW 3 Series: This luxury sedan is available with a 2.0-liter turbocharged petrol engine that produces 255 bhp and 400 Nm of torque.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              These are just a few examples of cars using turbo charging technology in India. Many other models from various brands also use turbocharging to enhance the performance and efficiency of their vehicles.